Uploading Image Using Javascript
Solution 1:
In order to access files with the $_FILES superglobal they need to be sent with a multipart/form-data content-type header and appropriate attributes. Unfortunately you cannot do this with xhr's send method manually because sending a string will be automatically converted to UTF-8. Fortunately though you can still send binary data such as a file from javascript's window.File.
This is not supported in older browsers. The code would look like
var file = document.getElementById('photo').files[0];
...
xhr.send(file);
And then on the server side you will need to access the input buffer directly in order to grab a hold of this file
$file = file_get_contents('php://input');
If you insist on using $_FILES you could use the FormData object in javascript. The reason I left this as a second option is because I've heard about greater support issues and I personally avoid using it for now.
var formData = newFormData(document.getElementById('theForm'));
...
xhr.send(formData);
EDIT 2016
It has been some time now since I posted this answer and now the FormData object is widely supported, if you are looking to upload files along with other data you may look into that.
Solution 2:
You are trying to upload an image with ajax... short answer... normally you can't. You need a multipart/form-data to upload, making ajax upload a pain.
An easy work around would be to validate the form with js, then normally submit it. Like here: Ajax Upload image - well... ignore the title, is misleading.
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